The 2023 OECD Survey on Spending Reviews provides practitioners, academics and civil society with an overview of spending review practices across OECD countries, including information on conducting spending reviews and linking their results to the budget process.\n \t
\nThe content of the 2023 database was collected using an online questionnaire and a glossary was also provided to guide respondents.\n\t
\n \tThe 2023 dataset provides information on the following topics:
\n\t\n\tThe 2023 database comprises responses from 35 OECD countries1 and the data refers only to central/federal government practices as of 31 August 2023. Respondents were predominantly Ministry of Finance officials. The content of the database draws heavily upon self-reporting from governments representing the country’s own assessment of current practices and procedures.\n
\n\tPreliminary results were presented at the 19th annual meeting of the Working Party on Performance and Results in February 2024.. \n\t
\n\n1For 2023, data for Israel, Japan, and Türkiye are not available.", "fields": { "REF_AREA": { "type": "dimension", "concept": "REF_AREA", "label": "Reference area", "description": "", "codelist": "CL_AREA" }, "FREQ": { "type": "dimension", "concept": "FREQ", "label": "Frequency of observation", "description": "Time interval at which observations occur over a given time period.", "codelist": "CL_FREQ" }, "MEASURE": { "type": "dimension", "concept": "MEASURE", "label": "Measure", "description": "", "codelist": "CL_MEASURE_QDD_SP_REV" }, "TIME_PERIOD": { "type": "time", "label": "Time period", "description": "Observation time period" }, "OBS_STATUS": { "type": "attribute", "concept": "OBS_STATUS", "label": "Observation status", "description": "Information on the quality of a value or an unusual or missing value.", "codelist": "CL_OBS_STATUS" }, "UNIT_MULT": { "type": "attribute", "concept": "UNIT_MULT", "label": "Unit multiplier", "description": "Exponent in base 10 specified so that multiplying the observation numeric values by 10^UNIT_MULT gives a value expressed in the unit of measure.", "codelist": "CL_UNIT_MULT" }, "OBS_VALUE": { "type": "measure", "concept": "OBS_VALUE", "label": "Observation value", "description": "Value of a particular variable." } }, "codelists": { "CL_MEASURE_QDD_SP_REV": { "Q_LR_Question1": "1. Does your country currently conduct, or has conducted spending reviews of (all or part of) government spending?", "Q_MC_Question2": "2. What have been the main objectives of spending reviews in the past 3 years (2020-2022)?", "Q_MC_Question2-SQ001": "a. Enable the government to manage aggregate level of expenditure (e.g. Identify spending cuts)", "Q_MC_Question2-SQ002": "b. Align expenditure to the priorities of the government", "Q_MC_Question2-SQ003": "c. Improve effectiveness within programmes and policies", "Q_LR_Question3": "3. What is the planned (indicative) main objective for spending reviews in the next 3 years (2023-2025)?", "Q_AT_Question4": "4. In the past 2 years (2021-2022), what was the approximate coverage of spending reviews as a % of total central government spending?", "Q_AT_Question4-SQ001": "2021", "Q_AT_Question4-SQ002": "2022", "Q_AM_Question5": "5. How many spending reviews have been started in the following years?", "Q_AM_Question5-SQ001_SQ001": "2021-Number of spending reviews", "Q_AM_Question5-SQ002_SQ001": "2022-Number of spending reviews", "Q_AN_Question6": "6. What main economic sectors have been covered in spending reviews from 2010-2022?", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ001_SQ001": "2010-Defence", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ001_SQ002": "2010-Justice", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ001_SQ003": "2010-Public order and safety", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ001_SQ004": "2010-Environmental protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ001_SQ005": "2010-Health", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ001_SQ006": "2010-Education", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ001_SQ007": "2010-Social protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ001_SQ008": "2010-Finance", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ001_SQ009": "2010-Transport", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ001_SQ010": "2010-Agriculture", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ001_SQ011": "2010-Energy", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ002_SQ001": "2011-Defence", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ002_SQ002": "2011-Justice", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ002_SQ003": "2011-Public order and safety", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ002_SQ004": "2011-Environmental protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ002_SQ005": "2011-Health", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ002_SQ006": "2011-Education", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ002_SQ007": "2011-Social protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ002_SQ008": "2011-Finance", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ002_SQ009": "2011-Transport", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ002_SQ010": "2011-Agriculture", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ002_SQ011": "2011-Energy", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ003_SQ001": "2012-Defence", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ003_SQ002": "2012-Justice", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ003_SQ003": "2012-Public order and safety", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ003_SQ004": "2012-Environmental protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ003_SQ005": "2012-Health", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ003_SQ006": "2012-Education", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ003_SQ007": "2012-Social protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ003_SQ008": "2012-Finance", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ003_SQ009": "2012-Transport", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ003_SQ010": "2012-Agriculture", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ003_SQ011": "2012-Energy", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ004_SQ001": "2013-Defence", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ004_SQ002": "2013-Justice", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ004_SQ003": "2013-Public order and safety", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ004_SQ004": "2013-Environmental protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ004_SQ005": "2013-Health", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ004_SQ006": "2013-Education", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ004_SQ007": "2013-Social protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ004_SQ008": "2013-Finance", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ004_SQ009": "2013-Transport", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ004_SQ010": "2013-Agriculture", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ004_SQ011": "2013-Energy", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ005_SQ001": "2014-Defence", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ005_SQ002": "2014-Justice", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ005_SQ003": "2014-Public order and safety", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ005_SQ004": "2014-Environmental protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ005_SQ005": "2014-Health", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ005_SQ006": "2014-Education", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ005_SQ007": "2014-Social protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ005_SQ008": "2014-Finance", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ005_SQ009": "2014-Transport", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ005_SQ010": "2014-Agriculture", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ005_SQ011": "2014-Energy", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ006_SQ001": "2015-Defence", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ006_SQ002": "2015-Justice", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ006_SQ003": "2015-Public order and safety", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ006_SQ004": "2015-Environmental protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ006_SQ005": "2015-Health", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ006_SQ006": "2015-Education", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ006_SQ007": "2015-Social protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ006_SQ008": "2015-Finance", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ006_SQ009": "2015-Transport", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ006_SQ010": "2015-Agriculture", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ006_SQ011": "2015-Energy", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ007_SQ001": "2016-Defence", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ007_SQ002": "2016-Justice", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ007_SQ003": "2016-Public order and safety", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ007_SQ004": "2016-Environmental protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ007_SQ005": "2016-Health", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ007_SQ006": "2016-Education", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ007_SQ007": "2016-Social protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ007_SQ008": "2016-Finance", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ007_SQ009": "2016-Transport", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ007_SQ010": "2016-Agriculture", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ007_SQ011": "2016-Energy", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ008_SQ001": "2017-Defence", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ008_SQ002": "2017-Justice", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ008_SQ003": "2017-Public order and safety", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ008_SQ004": "2017-Environmental protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ008_SQ005": "2017-Health", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ008_SQ006": "2017-Education", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ008_SQ007": "2017-Social protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ008_SQ008": "2017-Finance", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ008_SQ009": "2017-Transport", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ008_SQ010": "2017-Agriculture", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ008_SQ011": "2017-Energy", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ009_SQ001": "2018-Defence", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ009_SQ002": "2018-Justice", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ009_SQ003": "2018-Public order and safety", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ009_SQ004": "2018-Environmental protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ009_SQ005": "2018-Health", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ009_SQ006": "2018-Education", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ009_SQ007": "2018-Social protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ009_SQ008": "2018-Finance", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ009_SQ009": "2018-Transport", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ009_SQ010": "2018-Agriculture", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ009_SQ011": "2018-Energy", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ010_SQ001": "2019-Defence", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ010_SQ002": "2019-Justice", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ010_SQ003": "2019-Public order and safety", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ010_SQ004": "2019-Environmental protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ010_SQ005": "2019-Health", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ010_SQ006": "2019-Education", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ010_SQ007": "2019-Social protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ010_SQ008": "2019-Finance", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ010_SQ009": "2019-Transport", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ010_SQ010": "2019-Agriculture", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ010_SQ011": "2019-Energy", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ011_SQ001": "2020-Defence", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ011_SQ002": "2020-Justice", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ011_SQ003": "2020-Public order and safety", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ011_SQ004": "2020-Environmental protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ011_SQ005": "2020-Health", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ011_SQ006": "2020-Education", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ011_SQ007": "2020-Social protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ011_SQ008": "2020-Finance", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ011_SQ009": "2020-Transport", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ011_SQ010": "2020-Agriculture", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ011_SQ011": "2020-Energy", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ012_SQ001": "2021-Defence", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ012_SQ002": "2021-Justice", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ012_SQ003": "2021-Public order and safety", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ012_SQ004": "2021-Environmental protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ012_SQ005": "2021-Health", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ012_SQ006": "2021-Education", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ012_SQ007": "2021-Social protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ012_SQ008": "2021-Finance", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ012_SQ009": "2021-Transport", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ012_SQ010": "2021-Agriculture", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ012_SQ011": "2021-Energy", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ013_SQ001": "2022-Defence", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ013_SQ002": "2022-Justice", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ013_SQ003": "2022-Public order and safety", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ013_SQ004": "2022-Environmental protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ013_SQ005": "2022-Health", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ013_SQ006": "2022-Education", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ013_SQ007": "2022-Social protection", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ013_SQ008": "2022-Finance", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ013_SQ009": "2022-Transport", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ013_SQ010": "2022-Agriculture", "Q_AN_Question6-SQ013_SQ011": "2022-Energy", "Q_MC_Question7": "7. Between 2010-2022, have there been spending reviews that have led to expenditure reduction in the budget?", "Q_MC_Question7-SQ001": "a. Yes, reduction in aggregate expenditure in Line Ministry/agency", "Q_MC_Question7-SQ002": "b. Yes, reduction in policy/programme for reallocation within the Line Ministry/agency", "Q_MC_Question7-SQ003": "c. No", "Q_AN_Question9": "9. Which entity(s) is involved in the following spending review stage?", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ001_SQ001": "a. Determining objective and scope of each spending review-Cabinet", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ001_SQ002": "a. Determining objective and scope of each spending review-President or Prime Minister's Office", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ001_SQ003": "a. Determining objective and scope of each spending review-Senior official from Ministry of Finance (or equivalent)", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ001_SQ004": "a. Determining objective and scope of each spending review-Senior official from entity being reviewed", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ001_SQ005": "a. Determining objective and scope of each spending review-Staff from Ministry of Finance (or equivalent)", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ001_SQ006": "a. Determining objective and scope of each spending review-Staff from entity being reviewed", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ001_SQ007": "a. Determining objective and scope of each spending review-External experts (e.g. consultants)", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ001_SQ009": "a. Determining objective and scope of each spending review-Other, please specify in Q9.1-Q9.7", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ001_SQ008": "a. Determining objective and scope of each spending review-Not applicable", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ002_SQ001": "b. Approval of Terms of Reference-Cabinet", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ002_SQ002": "b. Approval of Terms of Reference-President or Prime Minister's Office", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ002_SQ003": "b. Approval of Terms of Reference-Senior official from Ministry of Finance (or equivalent)", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ002_SQ004": "b. Approval of Terms of Reference-Senior official from entity being reviewed", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ002_SQ005": "b. Approval of Terms of Reference-Staff from Ministry of Finance (or equivalent)", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ002_SQ006": "b. Approval of Terms of Reference-Staff from entity being reviewed", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ002_SQ007": "b. Approval of Terms of Reference-External experts (e.g. consultants)", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ002_SQ009": "b. Approval of Terms of Reference-Other, please specify in Q9.1-Q9.7", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ002_SQ008": "b. Approval of Terms of Reference-Not applicable", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ003_SQ001": "c. Prepares analysis-Cabinet", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ003_SQ002": "c. Prepares analysis-President or Prime Minister's Office", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ003_SQ003": "c. Prepares analysis-Senior official from Ministry of Finance (or equivalent)", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ003_SQ004": "c. Prepares analysis-Senior official from entity being reviewed", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ003_SQ005": "c. Prepares analysis-Staff from Ministry of Finance (or equivalent)", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ003_SQ006": "c. Prepares analysis-Staff from entity being reviewed", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ003_SQ007": "c. Prepares analysis-External experts (e.g. consultants)", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ003_SQ009": "c. Prepares analysis-Other, please specify in Q9.1-Q9.7", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ003_SQ008": "c. Prepares analysis-Not applicable", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ004_SQ001": "d. Prepares recommendations-Cabinet", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ004_SQ002": "d. Prepares recommendations-President or Prime Minister's Office", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ004_SQ003": "d. Prepares recommendations-Senior official from Ministry of Finance (or equivalent)", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ004_SQ004": "d. Prepares recommendations-Senior official from entity being reviewed", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ004_SQ005": "d. Prepares recommendations-Staff from Ministry of Finance (or equivalent)", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ004_SQ006": "d. Prepares recommendations-Staff from entity being reviewed", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ004_SQ007": "d. Prepares recommendations-External experts (e.g. consultants)", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ004_SQ009": "d. Prepares recommendations-Other, please specify in Q9.1-Q9.7", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ004_SQ008": "d. Prepares recommendations-Not applicable", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ005_SQ001": "e. Final decision on adopting spending review recommendations-Cabinet", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ005_SQ002": "e. Final decision on adopting spending review recommendations-President or Prime Minister's Office", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ005_SQ003": "e. Final decision on adopting spending review recommendations-Senior official from Ministry of Finance (or equivalent)", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ005_SQ004": "e. Final decision on adopting spending review recommendations-Senior official from entity being reviewed", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ005_SQ005": "e. Final decision on adopting spending review recommendations-Staff from Ministry of Finance (or equivalent)", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ005_SQ006": "e. Final decision on adopting spending review recommendations-Staff from entity being reviewed", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ005_SQ007": "e. Final decision on adopting spending review recommendations-External experts (e.g. consultants)", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ005_SQ009": "e. Final decision on adopting spending review recommendations-Other, please specify in Q9.1-Q9.7", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ005_SQ008": "e. Final decision on adopting spending review recommendations-Not applicable", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ006_SQ001": "f. Implementing spending review decisions-Cabinet", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ006_SQ002": "f. Implementing spending review decisions-President or Prime Minister's Office", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ006_SQ003": "f. Implementing spending review decisions-Senior official from Ministry of Finance (or equivalent)", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ006_SQ004": "f. Implementing spending review decisions-Senior official from entity being reviewed", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ006_SQ005": "f. Implementing spending review decisions-Staff from Ministry of Finance (or equivalent)", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ006_SQ006": "f. Implementing spending review decisions-Staff from entity being reviewed", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ006_SQ007": "f. Implementing spending review decisions-External experts (e.g. consultants)", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ006_SQ009": "f. Implementing spending review decisions-Other, please specify in Q9.1-Q9.7", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ006_SQ008": "f. Implementing spending review decisions-Not applicable", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ007_SQ001": "g. Monitoring and follow-up-Cabinet", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ007_SQ002": "g. Monitoring and follow-up-President or Prime Minister's Office", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ007_SQ003": "g. Monitoring and follow-up-Senior official from Ministry of Finance (or equivalent)", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ007_SQ004": "g. Monitoring and follow-up-Senior official from entity being reviewed", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ007_SQ005": "g. Monitoring and follow-up-Staff from Ministry of Finance (or equivalent)", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ007_SQ006": "g. Monitoring and follow-up-Staff from entity being reviewed", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ007_SQ007": "g. Monitoring and follow-up-External experts (e.g. consultants)", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ007_SQ009": "g. Monitoring and follow-up-Other, please specify in Q9.1-Q9.7", "Q_AN_Question9-SQ007_SQ008": "g. Monitoring and follow-up-Not applicable", "Q_LT_Question9OtherA": "9.1. Please specify other entity(s) involved in the stage of determining objective and scope of each spending review", "Q_LT_Question9OtherB": "9.2. Please specify other entity(s) involved in the stage of approval of ToR", "Q_LT_Question9OtherC": "9.3. Please specify other entity(s) involved in the stage of preparing analysis for the spending review", "Q_LT_Question9OtherD": "9.4. Please specify other entity(s) involved in the stage of preparing recommendations", "Q_LT_Question9OtherE": "9.5. Please specify other entity(s) involved in making the final decision on adopting spending review recommendations", "Q_LT_Question9OtherF": "9.6. Please specify other entity(s) involved in the stage of implementing spending review decisions", "Q_LT_Question9OtherG": "9.7. Please specify other entity(s) involved in the stage of monitoring and follow-up of spending reviews", "Q_LR_Question10": "10. Do you have a Steering Group for each spending review?", "Q_MC_Question10Yes1": "10.1 Please indicate the main functions of the Steering Group", "Q_MC_Question10Yes1-SQ001": "a. Determining spending review methodology", "Q_MC_Question10Yes1-SQ002": "b. Approval of Terms of Reference", "Q_MC_Question10Yes1-SQ003": "c. Brings findings and recommendations to relevant ministers", "Q_MC_Question10Yes1-SQ004": "d. Assigns tasks to the Working Group", "Q_MC_Question10Yes1-SQ005": "e. Supervision and co-ordination of spending review", "Q_MC_Question10Yes1-other": "f. Other, please specify", "Q_MC_Question10Yes2": "10.2 What is the composition of the Steering Group for each spending review?", "Q_MC_Question10Yes2-SQ001": "a. Senior representatives from the Ministry of Finance (or equivalent)", "Q_MC_Question10Yes2-SQ002": "b. Senior representatives from the Line Ministry (ministries) /agency", "Q_MC_Question10Yes2-SQ003": "c. Senior representatives from Cabinet", "Q_MC_Question10Yes2-other": "d. Other, please specify", "Q_LR_Question11": "11. Do you have a Working Group for each spending review?", "Q_MC_Question11Yes1": "11.1 Please indicate the main functions of the Working Group", "Q_MC_Question11Yes1-SQ001": "a. Conducting analysis of spending review topics", "Q_MC_Question11Yes1-SQ002": "b. Prepare options based on the objectives of the spending review", "Q_MC_Question11Yes1-SQ003": "c. Propose recommendations to the Steering Group", "Q_MC_Question11Yes1-other": "d. Other, please specify", "Q_MC_Question11Yes2": "11.2 What is the composition of the Working Group for each spending review?", "Q_MC_Question11Yes2-SQ001": "a. Staff from the Ministry of Finance (or equivalent)", "Q_MC_Question11Yes2-SQ002": "b. Staff from the line Line Ministry (ministries)/agency", "Q_MC_Question11Yes2-SQ003": "c. External experts (e.g. consultants, academy)", "Q_MC_Question11Yes2-other": "d. Other, please specify", "Q_MC_Question12": "12. How are spending reviews linked to the budget process?", "Q_MC_Question12-SQ001": "a. Spending review recommendations are finalised and presented prior to the budget formulation process for negotiation/information", "Q_MC_Question12-SQ002": "b. Spending review recommendations are adopted and reflected in the upcoming budget", "Q_MC_Question12-SQ003": "c. Spending review recommendations are included in the government's multi-annual budget planning", "Q_MC_Question12-other": "d. Other, please specify", "Q_MC_Question13": "13. What types of performance tools and approaches feed into spending reviews?", "Q_MC_Question13-SQ001": "a. Performance budgeting", "Q_MC_Question13-SQ002": "b. Performance audits", "Q_MC_Question13-SQ003": "c. Public policy evaluations", "Q_MC_Question13-other": "d. Other, please specify", "Q_MC_Question14": "14. What is included in the final spending review recommendations?", "Q_MC_Question14-SQ001": "a. Selection of policy options/outcomes", "Q_MC_Question14-SQ002": "b. Estimated budget impact (e.g. net savings) over the upcoming budget year", "Q_MC_Question14-SQ003": "c. Estimated budget impact (e.g. net savings) over the medium-term (3-5 years)", "Q_MC_Question14-SQ004": "d. Breakdown of costs associated with the realisation of savings", "Q_MC_Question14-SQ005": "e. Description of stakeholder(s) affected by the policy change", "Q_MC_Question14-SQ006": "f. Institution(s) responsible for implementing recommendation", "Q_MC_Question14-SQ007": "g. Description of legal, organisation or operational changes required", "Q_MC_Question14-SQ008": "h. Performance targets (outlining how progress in implementation of reforms are to be measured)", "Q_MC_Question14-SQ009": "i. Implementation roadmap", "Q_MC_Question14-SQ010": "j. Risk analysis", "Q_MC_Question14-other": "k. Other, please specify", "Q_MC_Question15": "15. Are the decisions regarding spending reviews made public?", "Q_MC_Question15-SQ001": "a. No", "Q_MC_Question15-SQ002": "b. Yes, published on a web page", "Q_MC_Question15-SQ003": "c. Yes, communicated to a Parliament", "Q_MC_Question15-SQ004": "d. Yes, only upon request (e.g. by media, civil society)", "Q_MC_Question15-other": "e. Other, please specify", "Q_MC_Question16": "16. Apart from spending review decisions, what other types of spending review information is publicly available?", "Q_MC_Question16-SQ001": "a. Other spending review information is not publicly available", "Q_MC_Question16-SQ002": "b. High-level objectives of the review", "Q_MC_Question16-SQ003": "c. Description of the areas of the expenditure examined", "Q_MC_Question16-SQ004": "d. Terms of Reference", "Q_MC_Question16-SQ005": "e. Guidance materials for the spending review process", "Q_MC_Question16-SQ006": "f. Reporting on implementation of SR decisions", "Q_MC_Question16-other": "g. Other, please specify", "Q_MC_Question17": "17. What changes have been made to the spending review framework over the past 5 years?", "Q_MC_Question17-SQ001": "a. No changes made", "Q_MC_Question17-SQ002": "b. Changes in the objective of spending review", "Q_MC_Question17-SQ003": "c. Changes in the scope of spending review (e.g. coverage of government expenditure)", "Q_MC_Question17-SQ004": "d. Changes in institutional capacity for implementation (e.g. less reliance on external consultants, development of specialised spending review units)", "Q_MC_Question17-SQ005": "e. Changes in methodology", "Q_MC_Question17-SQ006": "f. Change in frequency", "Q_MC_Question17-other": "g. Other, please specify", "Q_MC_Question18": "18. From your perspective, please indicate the main challenges for implementing spending reviews in your country.", "Q_MC_Question18-SQ001": "a. Poor quality performance information/data", "Q_MC_Question18-SQ002": "b. Lack of performance information/data", "Q_MC_Question18-SQ003": "c. Lack of time to design and implement spending reviews", "Q_MC_Question18-SQ004": "d. Lack of guidance", "Q_MC_Question18-SQ005": "e. Lack of resources (e.g. time, staff)", "Q_MC_Question18-SQ006": "f. Lack of relevant knowledge of technical expertise", "Q_MC_Question18-SQ007": "g. Lack of strong budgetary framework (e.g. medium-term budgeting, performance budgeting, programme budgeting)", "Q_MC_Question18-SQ008": "h. Lack of Spending Review framework (e.g. methodology)", "Q_MC_Question18-SQ009": "i. Insufficient ownership from entities", "Q_MC_Question18-SQ010": "j. Insufficient cooperation from entities", "Q_MC_Question18-SQ011": "k. Linking to the budget process", "Q_MC_Question18-SQ012": "l. Not high priority for government and/or parliament", "Q_MC_Question18-other": "m. Other, please specify", "Q_LT_Question19": "19. Please provide additional comments that are relevant to spending reviews in your country, but may not have been addressed in this survey (e.g. future plans)." } } }