Foreign ownership of land and real estate if not for business or own residential purpose is not permitted. Foreign citizens, foreign legal entities, as well as 'enterprises with foreign investments' (i.e. those in which foreign shareholding exceeds 15% of the voting capital) are not allowed to participate in the privatisation process of non-agricultural land, nor are they permitted to subsequently acquire privatised land from their private owners.
"CHAPTER 4. LAND OWNERSHIP, RIGHTS OF LEGAL AND NATURAL PERSONS TO LAND PLOTS
Article 16. Ownership of land in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Land is national wealth, it must be used wisely and it is protected by the state.
Article 17. Rights of legal entities and individuals to land plots
Legal entities may acquire land plots on the basis of ownership, permanent use and lease rights in accordance with this Code and other legal documents.
Individuals may own plots of land on the basis of ownership and lease rights in accordance with this Code and other legal documents.
Foreign citizens and legal entities, enterprises with foreign investments may own land plots only on the basis of lease, except for the cases stipulated in the second and third parts of Article 18 of this Code and international agreements of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
[...]
Article 18
The right of ownership of legal entities and individuals to land plots arises in the manner prescribed by law, upon privatization of land plots for non-agricultural purposes.
The right of ownership to land plots of diplomatic missions and equivalent international organizations accredited in the Republic of Uzbekistan arises when they sell, in the manner prescribed by law, buildings or parts of buildings used for premises of representative offices, including the residence of the head of the mission, together with land plots on which they are located, as well as land plots for the construction of buildings of these representative offices.
The right of ownership of foreign legal entities and individuals to land plots - employees of the diplomatic corps, representatives of the press accredited in the Republic of Uzbekistan, employees of permanent representative offices of firms, companies and international organizations, persons working on a permanent basis at enterprises with foreign investments, as well as persons permanently living in the republic and having a residence permit arises when they sell, in the manner prescribed by law, residential premises together with the land plots on which they are located.
[...]
Article 24
Lease of a land plot is a term, paid possession and use of a land plot under the terms of a lease agreement. [...]
Land plots for non-agricultural purposes on the right of lease are provided:
on the basis of an electronic online auction - to individuals and legal entities;
The Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan implementing a major investment project, determined by selecting the best proposal, worth the equivalent of at least 10 million US dollars - to individuals and legal entities. At the same time, the size of the provided land plot is determined by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan, depending on the volume of investment.
Land plots to enterprises with foreign investments, international associations and organizations, foreign individuals and legal entities are leased by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan. These persons (with the exception of international associations and organizations) must pay the market value of the right to lease a land plot to the State Budget of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the amount determined by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
In the cases provided for by parts two , three and four of this article, a lease agreement for a land plot is concluded by the district (city) khokim.
Agricultural enterprises, institutions and organizations may assign land plots to tenants in the order of on-farm lease only for agricultural production.
The sublease of a leased land plot or part thereof is prohibited, except for the cases provided for in Article 24 2 of this Code.
Leased land plots cannot be the object of sale, donation, or exchange. The right to lease a land plot can only be pledged to obtain loans. The lessee has the right to transfer his lease rights to a land plot as a pledge without the consent of the lessor only in cases where this is provided for by law or the lease agreement.
Conditions and terms of lease of land plots are determined by agreement of the parties and fixed by the contract.
Land intended for agricultural purposes may be leased for a period of thirty years in the amount established by Article 46 1 of this Code.
The term of lease of non-agricultural land may not exceed one hundred years.
Enterprises with the participation of foreign investments, international associations and organizations, foreign individuals and legal entities are leased land plots for a period of up to twenty-five years.[...]" (LAND CODE OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN of 30/04/1998, as amended [google translation])
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"Article 3. General definitions
The following general definitions are applied in this Law: [...]
privatization of a land plot – the alienation of a non-agricultural land plot, which is in state ownership, into the ownership of citizens and (or) legal entities of the Republic of Uzbekistan;
[...]
Article 6. The principle of voluntariness
Privatization of land plots is carried out on a voluntary basis.
Citizens and legal entities of the Republic of Uzbekistan exercise their rights to privatize land plots at their own discretion and in their own interests.
Coercion to privatize land plots is prohibited.
[...]
Article 10. Privatization objects
Privatization objects are:
land plots provided to legal entities for the implementation of entrepreneurial and urban planning activities;
land plots provided to citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan for individual housing construction and maintenance of a residential building, as well as the implementation of entrepreneurial and urban planning activities;
land plots on which state real estate objects subject to privatization are located;
free land plots.
[...]
Article 13. Subjects of privatization
The subjects of privatization are citizens and legal entities of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Foreign citizens, stateless persons, foreign legal entities, enterprises with foreign investments, as well as state bodies, institutions and enterprises are not subject to privatization.
[...]
Article 30. The right of private ownership of a privatized land plot
Privatized land plots are private property and objects of civil circulation.
The right of private ownership of a privatized land plot arises from the moment of state registration of the right to it by entering the relevant information in the State Register of Rights to Real Estate in electronic form.
The right of private ownership of privatized land plots is inviolable and protected by the state in accordance with the law.
Article 31. Rights of owners of privatized land plots
Owners of privatized land plots have the right to:
freely own, use and dispose of a privatized land plot at one's own discretion and in one's own interests, including using it as a pledge, making a contribution to the authorized capital (authorized fund) of a legal entity, leasing it without violating the rights and protected by law the interests of legal entities and individuals, the state;
demand the elimination of any violations of the ownership of the privatized land plot;
manage independently on a privatized land plot;
erect residential, industrial, cultural and other buildings and structures, carry out their restructuring and demolition.
[...]
Article 33. Emergence of ownership of land plots by persons who are not subjects of privatization
Foreign citizens, stateless persons, foreign legal entities, enterprises with foreign investments do not have the right to acquire privatized land plots, unless otherwise provided by law.
In the event that a foreign citizen, a stateless person, a foreign legal entity, an enterprise with foreign investment has the right to own land plots, these land plots are subject to alienation within six months from the date of such an event.
If the land plots are not alienated within the period provided for by part two of this article, the land plots shall become the property of the state, with the persons indicated by this article retaining the pre-emptive right to acquire them on lease in the manner prescribed by law.
[...]
Article 41. Recognition as invalid of some legislative acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Recognize as invalid the following legislative documents:
1) Law No. LRU-552 of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the privatization of land plots for non-agricultural purposes" dated August 13, 2019 (Bulletin of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2019, No. 8, Art. No. 463);[...]" (Law of the Republic Uzbekistan, от 15.11.2021 г. № LRU-728 On the privatization of non-agricultural land plots)
------------------------------
"Chapter 1. General provisions
Article 3. Key definitions
The following key terms are applied in this Law: [...]
domestic investors — citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan, foreign citizens and stateless persons who have the status of a resident of the Republic of Uzbekistan, including individual entrepreneurs, as well as legal entities of the Republic of Uzbekistan engaged in investment activities; [...]
foreign investors — foreign states, administrative or territorial bodies of foreign states, international organizations founded in accordance with conventions or other agreements between states or being subjects of public international law, legal entities, any other partnerships, organizations or associations founded and acting in accordance with acts of legislation of foreign states, citizens of a foreign state and stateless persons permanently residing outside the Republic of Uzbekistan;
enterprises with foreign investments in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan — enterprises in which foreign investments make up at least fifteen percent of the stocks (shares, units) or statutory fund (charter capital).
[...]
Chapter 10. Enterprises with foreign investment [...]
Section 54. Economic Activities of Foreign Investors [...]
Enterprises with foreign investments are entitled to long-term leases of non-agricultural land for up to fifty years, but not less than the period specified in the application, for the implementation of investment projects.
Enterprises with foreign investment can acquire land in cases and on conditions stipulated by law.
Upon transfer of ownership of buildings and structures, along with these objects, the right to use land plots shall be transferred in the manner and on the conditions established by law.
Rental property to foreign investors is carried out by the lessor on the basis of relevant agreements [...]" (Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 25, 2019 No. 598 "On Investments and Investment Activities"  [google translated])
LAND CODE OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN of 30/04/1998, as amended [google translation]
Law of the Republic Uzbekistan, от 15.11.2021 г. № LRU-728 On the privatization of non-agricultural land plots
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 25, 2019 No. 598 "On Investments and Investment Activities"  [google translated]
[<a href="https://lex.uz/en/docs/149947">Code</a>],[<a href="https://lex.uz/en/docs/6116222">Law</a>],[<a href="https://lex.uz/ru/docs/4751834">Law</a>],[<a href="https://www.kinstellar.com/news-and-insights/detail/1596/uzbekistan-reinforces-legal-framework-for-privatization-of-land">Other</a>]