Brunei's CPTPP Annex 1 on Non-Conforming Measures lists a series of restrictions that are supposedly reflective of underlying regulations listed in the measures section of the Annex entry. Although no exact evidence of the restriction mentioned in teh CPTPP was identified in the domestic legislation, for the purposes of the OECD FDIRRI, it is assumed that such a joint venture requirement for courier services, including express delivery services, applies to last-mile road freight transportation activities as the licensing authority is required to consider in the licensing process whether the greater part of the capital required for operation is derived or to be derived from persons resident or operating in Brunei Darussalam. Hence, assuming foreign ownerhsip is a criteria for discrimination.
"ANNEX I - SCHEDULE OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Sector: Communication Services [transportation services for the OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index]
Sub-sector: Courier services, including express delivery services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 9.4), Market Access (Article 10.5), Local Presence (Article 10.6)
Measures: Administrative Measures and Guidelines
Description: Investment
Foreign nationals and enterprises may not supply courier services, including express delivery services, in Brunei Darussalam, unless through an enterprise established in Brunei Darussalam that is a joint venture, to provide such services." (ANNEX I - SCHEDULE OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM, Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP)) 
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"Interpretation. 2. (1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires —[...]
"franchise" includes — (a) the grant either of an exclusive right to maintain a public service of road transport within a regulated area or part thereof or the right to operate, within a regulated area or part thereof, a public service of road transport by a vehicle or vehicles for which a public service vehicle licence is required which is not available to all persons holding licences of the same class: Provided that a right granted shall be deemed to be a franchise for the purpose of this part of this definition notwithstanding that it does not exclude the Government or persons to whom an exemption has been granted and notwithstanding that it may cease to be exclusive by virtue of the exercise by the Licensing Authority of the powers conferred by this Act or by any franchise issued hereunder; and (b) whether or not paragraph (a) applies, the grant of the right under section 64 to operate within a regulated area or part thereof a stage carriage of any class or description of public service vehicle to which section 64 from time to time applies;
[...]
Prohibition of use of unlicensed public service vehicles. 
56. (1) Subject to the provision of this Part, no person shall on any road in any regulated area, use a motor vehicle, or cause or permit a motor vehicle to be used, as a public service vehicle unless there is in force, in respect of such vehicle, a valid licence granted under this Part authorising such use, or otherwise than in accordance with such licence and any conditions attached thereto; 
[...]
Classes of public service vehicle licences. 59. (1) Public service vehicle licences shall be issued in respect of — (a) stage carriages; (b) motor omnibuses; (c) contract carriages; (d) taxicabs; (e) goods service vehicles; (f) such classes or description of public service vehicle as may be prescribed. 
[...]
Grant of franchise. 64. (1) The Licensing Authority, subject to the provisions of this section and section 67, upon application under section 63 may grant or refuse any franchise: [...]
[...]
Matters to be considered by Licensing Authority. 67. On any application to which section 64 applies, the Licensing Authority in exercising its discretion to grant or refuse a franchise and to attach terms and conditions thereto shall have regard to the following matters — [...] e) the financial ability of the applicant to provide the proposed service, and whether the applicant is resident and carrying on business in Brunei Darussalam and whether the greater part of the capital required for operation is derived or to be derived from persons resident or operating in Brunei Darussalam; [...]" (ROAD TRAFFIC ACT [CHAPTER 68])
ANNEX I - SCHEDULE OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM, Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP)
ROAD TRAFFIC ACT [CHAPTER 68]
[<a href="https://www.mfat.govt.nz/assets/Trade-agreements/TPP/Annexes-ENGLISH/Annex-I.-Brunei.pdf">CPTPP</a>],[<a href="https://www.agc.gov.bn/AGC%20Images/LAWS/ACT_PDF/cap068.pdf">Act</a>]