Foreign investment in accounting and auditing activities is allowed through the establishment of a partnership, a limited liability partnership or accounting company meeting the following conditions among others: i) in the case of a partnership and LLP: at least two-thirds of the partners are public accountants or if the partnership has only 2 partners, one of those partners is a public accountant; the control and management of the firm must be entrusted to one or more partners who are public accountants ordinarily resident in Brunei Darussalam; ii) in the case of accounting corporation: at least two-thirds of he voting shares of the company or proposed company shall be owned by corporate practitioners who are registered public accountants.  The requirement for 'public accountant' applicants who are not citizens or permanent residents in Brunei include among others: being a member of the Brunei Institute of Certified Public Accountants [Bruneian antionality required; see BIPCA website] or of any professional accountancy body or organisation specified in the Second Schedule other than the Brunei Institute of Certified Public [the Global Association of Chartered Certified Accountants and other specific associations from Australia, Canada, England and Wales, Ireland, New Zealand and Scotaland are recognised]; having been residing in Brunei for at least 90 days in one year; or have at least one local partner who is a Public Accountant at the same firm. As such, for the purposes of the FDIRRI, it is considered that foreign investment in accounting and auditing firms is only limited by the need to have at least one local partner who is a public account and who control and manages the firm.
"ANNEX I - SCHEDULE OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Sector: Business Services
Sub-sector: Auditing services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 9.4 and Article 10.3), Senior Management and Boards of Directors (Article 9.11), Market Access (Article 10.5)
Measures: Companies Act (Chapter 39), Accountants Order 2010, Administrative Measures and Guidelines
[...] 
Description: Investment [...]
1. Foreign nationals and enterprises may not establish financial auditing enterprises in Brunei Darussalam, except through a partnership or joint venture with at least one authorised Bruneian auditor. 
2. If they are not established in Brunei Darussalam, foreign nationals and enterprises may not provide financial auditing services in Brunei Darussalam, unless:
(a) authorised by the Ministry of Finance; or
(b) through a locally established auditor or enterprise provided that they are authorised by the Ministry of Finance.
3. For greater certainty, the term "authorised" refers to a qualified person who has been authorised by the Ministry of Finance to provide financial auditing services.  " (ANNEX I - SCHEDULE OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM, Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP))
-----------------------------
"Interpretation. 
2. In this Order, unless the context otherwise requires 
"accounting corporation" means a company approved as an accounting corporation under section 20;
"accounting firm" means a firm approved as an accounting firm under section 21;
"accounting limited liability partnership" means a limited liability partnership approved as an accounting limited liability partnership under section 22; [...]
"corporate practitioner" - (a) in relation to an accounting corporation, means a director or an employee of the corporation who is a public accountant and practising as such in that corporation; (b) in relation to an accounting Limited Liability Partnership, means a partner or an employee of the accounting Limited Liability Partnership who is a public accountant and practising as such in that accounting Limited Liability Partnership; [...]
"public accountancy services" means the audit and reporting on financial statements and the doing of such other acts that are required by any written law to be done by a public accountant; 
[...]
PART IV - REGISTRATION OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS 
Qualifications for registration. 
13. jl) Any person who {a) has attained the age of 21 years; and {b) satisfies the prescribed requirements relating to ji) qualifications; [ii) practical experience; (iii) membership of the Brunei Institute of Certified Public Accountants; (iv) membership of any professional accountancy body or organisation specified in the Second Schedule other than the Brunei Institute of Certified Public Accountants, shall be entitled, on payment of the prescribed fee, to be registered as a public accountant under this Part. 
[...]
PARTV - ACCOUNTING CORPORATIONS, ACCOUNTING FIRMS AND ACCOUNTING LIMITED LIABILITY PARTNERSHIPS
Approval of accounting corporations.
20. (1) A public accountant who wishes to have a company or proposed company approved as an accounting corporation may apply to the Authority for approval of fa} the company as an accounting corporation; and {bj the name or proposed name of the accounting corporation. (2) An application under subsection (ll shall be made in accordance with the prescribed requirements and shall be accompanied by the prescribed fee. 
[...]
(3) Subject to subsection (4) and to any other provisions of this Order, the Authority may, on receiving an application made under this section, approve the company or proposed company concerned as an accounting corporation if{a} one of the primary objects of the company or proposed company is to provide public accountancy services; (b) the share capital of the company or proposed company that is paid up or to be paid up is not less than $20,000 or such other sum as may be prescribed; {c) the articles of association of the company or proposed company provide that (i) not less than two-thirds, or such other proportion as may be prescribed, of the directors (including the chairman) shall be public accountants, but (A) if the company or proposed company has only one director, that director shall be a public accountant; (B) if the company or proposed company has only 2 directors, one of those directors shall be a public accountant; (ii) not less than two-thirds, or such other proportion as may be prescribed, of the voting shares of the company or proposed company shall be owned by corporate practitioners; and (iii) only individuals may own any shares of the company or proposed company; d) the business of the company or proposed company, so far as it relates to the provision of public accountancy services in Brunei Darussalam, will be under the control and management of one or more directors of the company who are public accountants; and [...]
Approval of accounting firms.
 21. 11) A public accountant who wishes to have a firm or proposed firm approved as an accounting firm may apply to the Authority for approval of fa} the firm as an accounting firm; and {b) the name or proposed name of the accounting firm. (2) An application under subsection (1) shall be made in accordance with the prescribed requirements and shall be accompanied by the prescribed fee. (3) The Authority may, on receiving an application made under this section, approve the firm or proposed firm concerned as an accounting firm only if {a} one of the primary objects of the firm or proposed firm is to provide public accountancy services; {b) at least two-thirds, or such other proportion as may be prescribed, of the partners are public accountants, or if the partnership has only 2 partners, one of those partners is a public accountant; and {c) the business of the partnership, so far as it relates to the supply of public accountancy services in Brunei Darussalam, will be under the control and management of one or more partners who are public accountants ordinarily resident in Brunei Darussalam. 
Approval of accounting Limited Liability Partnerships. 
22. (1) A public accountant who wishes to have a limited liability partnership or proposed limited liability partnership approved as an accounting Limited Liability Partnership may apply to the Authority for the approval of {a) the limited liability partnership as an accounting Limited Liability Partnership; and {b) the name or proposed name of the accounting Limited Liability Partnership. (2) An application under subsection (1) shall be made in accordance with the prescribed requirements and shall be accompanied by the prescribed fee. 
(3) The Authority may, on receiving an application made under this section, approve the limited liability partnership or proposed limited liability partnership concerned as an accounting Limited Liability Partnership only if {a) one of the primary objects of the limited liability partnership or proposed limited liability partnership is to provide public accountancy services; {b) the capital of the limited liability partnership or proposed limited liability partnership that is paid up or to be paid up is not less than $20,000 or such other sum as may be prescribed; {c) at least two-thirds, or such other proportion as may be prescribed, of the partners are public accountants or, if the partnership has only 2 partners, one of those partners is ordinarily resident in Brunei Darussalam; {d) the accounting Limited Liability Partnership or proposed accounting Limited Liability Patnership is or shall be covered by professional indemnity insurance in accordance with section 33 and the prescribed requirements; and {e) the business of the accounting Limited Liability Partnership, so far as it relates to the supply of public accountancy services in Brunei Darussalam, will be under the control and management of one or more partners who are ordinarily resident in Brunei Darussalam. 
[...]
SECOND SCHEDULE
[section 13(1)] RECOGNISED ACCOUNTANCY BODIES OR ORGANISATIONS CPA Australia The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Australia The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Canada The Institute of Chartered Accountants of England and Wales The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Ireland The Institute of Chartered Accountants of New Zealand The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland. [...]" (ACCOUNTANTS ORDER, 2010)
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"GUIDELINES FOR APPLICANTS OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS  WITH EFFECTIVE FROM 1ST JANUARY 2015 updated on 7th September 2022 
1. Must be 21 years old or above.  
2. Professional Examination  
Passed examination in accountancy from any recognized professional accountancy body listed below: i. CPA Australia ii. The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants iii. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Australia iv. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Canada v. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of England and Wales vi. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Ireland vii. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of New Zealand viii. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland 
3. Practical Experience  
At the time of application:  Relevant audit experience of not less than three (3) years cumulatively within a five (5) year period following the qualification referred to in S.13 (1)(b)(i) and S.71(2)(c) of the Accountants Order. At least 2 out of 5 years must be post-qualification.  Detailed past and present work experience with job scope description of the position held and testimonial from current employment are required to be submitted. 
[...]
5. Membership in Professional Accountancy Body  
a) Membership in Brunei Institute of Certified Public Accountants (BICPA); and  b) Membership in the approved professional accountancy body as mentioned in second schedule:  i. CPA Australia ii. The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants iii. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Australia iv. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Canada v. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of England and Wales vi. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Ireland vii. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of New Zealand viii. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland   Copy of receipt of latest subscription fees to the above Professional Accountancy Body is required to be submitted.  
6. The Practice of Public Accountant  
A public accountant must practice as:   a. a partner in an accounting firm; or b. a director or a public accountant employee in an accounting corporation
[...]
9. Other Requirements
a) Maintain a localization programme in your accounting firm or corporation  b) Must have a checking system to ensure that there is no conflict of interest in nature of their work  c) For applicants who are not citizens or permanent residents in Brunei:  (i) Must be residing in Brunei for at least 90 days in one year.  (ii) Must have at least one local partner who is a Public Accountant at the same firm.  d) For foreign applicants who cannot fulfil requirements in (c) above may be considered if he/she satisfies other requirements with regards to any other requirements prescribed by the Authority. [...]" (Ministry of Finance and Economy, GUIDELINES FOR APPLICANTS OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS  WITH EFFECTIVE FROM 1ST JANUARY 2015 updated on 7th September 2022)
ANNEX I - SCHEDULE OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM, Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP)
ACCOUNTANTS ORDER, 2010
Ministry of Finance and Economy, GUIDELINES FOR APPLICANTS OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS  WITH EFFECTIVE FROM 1ST JANUARY 2015 updated on 7th September 2022
[<a href="https://www.mfat.govt.nz/assets/Trade-agreements/TPP/Annexes-ENGLISH/Annex-I.-Brunei.pdf">CPTPP</a>],[<a href="https://www.agc.gov.bn/AGC%20Images/LAWS/Gazette_PDF/2010/EN/s115.pdf">Order</a>],[<a href="https://www.mofe.gov.bn/SiteAssets/Revenue/Revised%20Guidelines%20for%20Applicants%20of%20Public%20Accountants.pdf">Guideline</a>],[<a href="https://aseancpa.org/brunei-darussalam/">Other</a>]