Since 2022, pursuant to the new Civil Aviation Authority Act of 2009, air operators in Eswatini must be Liswati or a body incorporated under the laws of Eswatini which is substantially owned and effectivelly controlled by Emaswati.
"PART X
AIR TRANSPORT LICENSING, LIABILITY, AND INSURANCE
Restriction of carriage by air for reward
88. (1) An aircraft shall not be used for the carriage by air of passengers, cargo for hire, remuneration or other valuable consideration, unless the operator of the aircraft-
(a) holds an air transport licence; and
(b) complies with the terms of the air transport licence
[...]
Grant and refusal of air transport licence
89. (1) An application for the grant of an air transport licence shall be made in writing to an Air Transport Licensing Committee established by the Authority and is to contain the particulars specified by the Air Transport Licensing Committee. [...]
(3) An Air Transport Licensing Committee shall refuse to grant application made by a Liswati air operator, if not satisfied that-
(a) the applicant is a Liswati or a body incorporated under the laws of Eswatini which is substantially owned and effectivelly controlled by Emaswati [...]" (CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY ACT, 2022)
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"Issue of air service licences.
44. (1) The Authority may issue an air service licence to any operator for a service commencing, calling at or terminating in Swaziland, or for any service wholly within Swaziland, on such terms and conditions the Authority may consider fit.[...]
(10) A foreign airline licencee shall, on a reciprocal basis, be allowed to establish offices in Swaziland for the promotion and sale of air transportation services and may, introduce and maintain in Swaziland managerial, commercial, operational and technical staff as required for the provision of air services.[...]" (CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY ACT No. 10 of 2009)
CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY ACT, 2022
CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY ACT No. 10 of 2009
[<a href="https://www.eswacaa.co.sz/regulationandcompliance/documents/regulations/Civil%20Aviation%20Act%20No.4%20of%202022.pdf">Act</a>],[<a href="https://www.eswacaa.co.sz/regulationandcompliance/documents/regulations/CIVIL-AVIATION-AUTHORITY-ACT-2009.pdf">Act</a>]