CIVIL/ADMINISTRATIVE: Cartels are typically regarded as ‘object’ restrictions. This means that they are deemed to infringe the Chapter I prohibition of the Competition Act 1998 on anti-competitive agreements without the need to demonstrate anti-competitive effects.  CRIMINAL:  It is also a criminal offence under the Enterprise Act 2002 for an individual to take part in the most serious types of cartels, which are defined under the offence as arrangements involving price-fixing, market sharing, limiting production or supply, or bid rigging