The Competition Bureau’s and Canada’s competition cooperation instruments generally include negative comity provisions. These are used as a mechanism to avoid conflicts in our cooperation instruments. In general, the Bureau’s cooperation instruments include: • A general principle of negative comity requiring a party to consider the important interests or interests of the other in the application of its competition law;  • Obligations on the party taking the enforcement activity which may affect important interests of the other to provide timely notice of significant developments and/or an opportunity to provide input regarding the proposed penalty or remedy; and  • Canada's cooperation agreements also include additional detail, including factors to consider when assessing appropriate measures to accommodate competing interests.