The NZCC has entered into a number of co-operation arrangements with other authorities. These can be found at: https://comcom.govt.nz/about-us/working-with-other-agencies These include the following: Multilateral Mutual Assistance and Cooperation Framework for Competition Authorities 2020 (MMAC)  MMAC 2020 was entered into by the NZCC, the ACCC, the Competition Bureau Canada, the United States Department of Justice and the United States Federal Trade Commission. This multinational framework includes a memorandum of understanding focused on reinforcing and improving existing cooperation and coordination on investigations. It also contains a model agreement to support the development of individual arrangements among the participants that may include the exchange of case information and assistance in individual competition investigations, to the extent permitted by respective national laws. ACCC and NZCC Cooperation Agreement 2007 (General) The ACCC and NZCC Cooperation Agreement 2007 provides the framework for cooperation between the two agencies. The 2007 version replaces an earlier agreement signed in 1994. Under the agreement: • The NZCC and the ACCC have committed to provide careful consideration to each other's important interests in the application of their competition, consumer and regulatory functions.  • The agencies agree that it is in their common interest to share information, evidence and documentation (including information on investigations). • The exchange of general information such as research, speeches and compliance or education programmes is provided for, but not case specific information. • Any confidential information must be protected, and “no information will be exchanged pursuant to this arrangement which would not be exchanged absent this arrangement.”  • There is provision for regular meetings between the agencies. • Each agency will notify the other where an investigation is relevant to a particular agency, where one agency is proposing to seek information in the other agency’s jurisdiction, or where one agency is seeking to enforce remedies in that other agency’s jurisdiction. • There is a framework for co-ordinating enforcement activities.   ACCC and NZCC Cooperation Protocol for Merger Review 2006 The ACCC and NZCC Cooperation Protocol for Merger Review 2006 formalises a number of practices that had been routinely employed by the agencies, and sets out further mechanisms for cooperation. Its objective is to enhance coordination and information sharing between the agencies while minimising procedural conflicts. Under the protocol, each agency is to endeavour to notify the other if it becomes aware of a merger that may affect competition in the other country. It also includes agreement on matters such as:  • Coordination on timing • Seeking of confidentiality waivers • Communication between the agencies; and • Coordination on remedies.  ACCC and NZCC Cooperation Arrangement 2013 (provision of compulsorily acquired information and investigative assistance) The ACCC and NZCC entered into a Cooperation Arrangement in 2013 which enables NZCC to share compulsorily acquired information and provide investigative assistance to the ACCC. Before this agreement, the ACCC was able to provide information and assistance to the NZCC, but the NZCC could not reciprocate. The Agreement broke down the remaining jurisdictional barriers that hindered the flow of information between each agency. The provisions are aimed at increasing the efficiency of investigations, particularly those that involved cross-border cartel conduct. We also entered into a similar arrangement with the Canadian Competition Bureau in 2016. Cooperation with other countries The NZCC, together with the ACCC, has formal agreements for cooperation with the competition agencies of Canada, the United Kingdom and Taiwan. These formal cooperation agreements provide for: • exchange of information, documents, research and guidance • an agreement to keep information confidential, as far as possible  • exchange of staff; and • regular meetings to discuss enforcement activity and to exchange information and ideas.  These agreements are based on the cooperation agreement between the ACCC and the NZCC. They provide for general information exchange but do not allow New Zealand to disclose compulsorily acquired information or any information that is confidential.