Private enforcement actions can be brought against any undertaking (defined as a natural or legal person carrying on some commercial or economic activity) under Articles 6 and 24 of the Dutch Competition Act. English: Competition Act: http://www.dutchcivillaw.com/legislation/competitionact.htm ; Civil Code Book 7: http://www.dutchcivillaw.com/civilcodebook077.htmSee also EU Directive 2014/104/EU on certain rules governing actions for damages under national law for infringements of the competition law provisions.