Exceptions to copyright and related-rights protection are based on fair-use principle, including: 1. Quotations from newspaper articles and periodicals in the form of press summaries;2. Illustration in publications, broadcasts or sound or visual recordings for teaching or scientific research3. reproducing, by photography or cinematography, images of works of fine art,  photographs,  and other artistic works, and works of applied art, provided such works have already been published, publicly displayed, or communicated to the public, where such reproduction is incidental to the photographic or cinematographic work and is not the object of the photographic or cinematographic work;4. Translating literary works into Braille or other characters for visually- impaired persons;5. Reproducing a computer program where such reproduction occurs in the ordinary operation of the computer program, providing the use of the computer program  is consistent with terms of authorization of the copyright owner;6. Reproducing a work embodied in electronic media for backup or archival storage, or for replacement of a legally acquired work that is lost, destroyed or fails to work.