At the EU level, see Directive 2001/29/EC of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society, Article 5. The Directive establishes that Member States may provide for exceptions or limitations to the reproduction right provided in some listed cases.The following exceptions are mentioned in the law:- temporary acts of reproduction, with no independent economic significance, which are transient or incidental and an essential part of a technological process whose sole purpose is to enable the transmission in a network between third parties by an intermediary and lawful use - reproduction for private usage under conditions listed in the law - the use for purposes of public security or to ensure the proper performance of administrative, parliamentary or judicial proceedings - use for the benefit of people with a disability;- quotation of short fragments of disclosed works for teaching or research purposes, under conditions listed in the law- reproduction for informative purposes;- performance for non-commercial reasons- reproduction, distribution and communication to the public of works permanently located in public places - reproduction of works made without financial gain by museums, libraries or other cultural or scientific organisations for investigation or conservation purposes, and loans made between these institutions;- performance of musical works in official state or public administration events and religious ceremonies, as long as the public may attend for free and the artists are not specifically remunerated for those performances; and- parody of a work under certain conditions.