OBS_VALUE: Prior to 2017, for the issuance of a construction permit the applicant had to demonstrate (i) a permanent employment of at least one construction engineer with at least 5 years of previous professional experience in the sphere of specialisation, (ii) experience in performing at least five/ ten construction projects (depending on the type of the permit) of the required level of complexity by producing certain types of acts used in the construction process in the RK (exception has been made for joint-ventures where Kazakh participant was the holder of the relevant licence). While incorporation in the RK was not formally required, these preconditions could have been fulfilled only by locally registered companies. From 2017, relevant legislation has accepted (i) for engineers working for foreign entities, equivalent qualification issued in compliance with the laws of the Member State of the OECD. As from 2023, this exemption was repealed; (ii) for foreign entities, equivalent documentary evidence proving relevant number of executed projects. 