OBS_VALUE: Prior to 2017, telecommunication services were considered natural monopoly and the tariffs were regulated by setting a price cap on operator's services. Currently, the scope of services subject to state regulation as natural monopoly had been reduced to leasing or use of cable ducts and other basic facilities technologically related to connecting telecommunication. Also, prices for universal connection services in rural areas are capped. As from 2024, the state regulation was extended to setting the maximum tariffs for property rental (rent) of places for placing communications equipment, as well as supports of overhead power lines for conducting fiber-optic communication lines. Otherwise, prices for interconnection services are contractually determined by the operators. The law however mandates the operators to use symmetrical rates for the same categories of traffic. Additional source: Order On approval of the list of services of the regulated markets participants that are subject to price regulation (repealed), Приказ Об утверждении перечня товаров (работ, услуг) субъектов регулируемых рынков, на которые распространяется государственное регулирование цен, № 547, adopted on 20 July 2015, repealed on 1 February 2017, http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V1500011957