OBS_VALUE: Legal services are not covered in the WTO GPA. Article 2(5) stipulates the services subject to public procurement in Japan, which referes to services listed in Schedule I, Annex 5 of GPA. The majority of government procurement is conducted via competitive tendering procedures, with the participation of qualified suppliers. While there are no explicit legal restrictions on foreign entry, participation in public procurement by foreign suppliers remain extremely low (less than 1 percent of the suppliers participating in public tender process were foreign entities. See Government procurement performance in the calendar year 2023 at https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/seisaku/chotatsu/index.html). Also, to ease the burden on individuals planning to participate in tendering procedures, a unified supplier qualification registration system has been introduced for central government contracts. However, the process can be challenging for foreign suppliers due to language barriers, licensing requirements, and the need for pre-existing participation experience. For further information on Japanese govenment procurement please see: https://www.eu-japan.eu/government-procurement/preparations-tendering/unified-supplier-qualification; https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/procurement/