OBS_VALUE: The provisions of the Act on the Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade do not apply to the following actions effected upon the regulator's approval:(i) in the case where any domestic air carrier concludes an agreement on joint management with another air carrier, when two or more domestic air carriers operate air transport services in order to ensure passenger transport necessary for local residents' life in a route between points within the country where it is expected to be difficult to continue the services due to decreased demand for air transport services.(ii) in the case where any domestic air carrier concludes an agreement on joint carriage, fare agreement and other agreements relating to transportation with another air carrier in order to promote public convenience in a route between a point within Japan and another point within a foreign country, or between one point and another in foreign countries. This exclusion does not apply in case where unfair business practices are used or substantive limitations in competition in the specific field of trade unfairly harm the interests of users.