OBS_VALUE: Singapore’s work pass framework broadly consists of three work pass categories: the Employment Pass (EP) for skilled foreign professionals, S Pass for mid-skilled foreign employees and the Work Permit (WP) for semi-skilled migrant workers.The EP is intended for top-tier foreign professionals with the requisite skills, networks and expertise. There are no quotas imposed on EPs.The S Pass is intended for mid-skilled foreign associate professionals and technicians who fall shy of the EP criteria and offers firms flexibility to complement their local workforce with mid-skilled foreign employees. Application could be submitted by authorised employment agency on behalf of foreign employee's employer. Sectoral (services, manufacturing and other) quotas and levies apply.The WP is intended for semi-skilled migrant workers from approved source countries. Quotas and levies apply.Contractual service suppliers can choose the work pass to apply for and the relevant controls would apply.Work pass exemption is also available for activities that contractual service suppliers may be carrying out e.g., providing expertise relating to the installation, dismantling, transfer, repair or maintenance of any machine or equipment, transfer of knowledge of process of new operations in Singapore. This would allow for entry up to a total of 90 days in a calendar year without a work pass. See Employment of Foreign Manpower (Work Pass Exemptions — Specified Activities) Notification, adopted 1 February 2008, last update 02 January 2021, Section 2, subsections 2A, 3, https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/EFMA1990-N4