OBS_VALUE: The following exceptions are mentioned in the law:(1) Fair dealing for various purposes, including research, private study, education, parody or satire. Fair dealing for criticism or review and news reporting are also covered; (2) Non-commercial user-generated content;(3) Reproduction for private purposes; and (4) Reproduction for later listening or viewing. Exceptions are subject to the conditions mentioned in the law and conditions as determined by judges at trial should the exception be invoked as a defense.