OBS_VALUE: Article 4(5) of the Architects and Building Engineers Act allows a person who has obtained a foreign architect and building engineer license to be recognized by the Minister for a 1st-class Kenchikushi licence or prefectural governor for a 2nd-class Kenchikushi and Mokuzo Kenchikushiif license the person possess qualifications equal or superior to those of the different license categories provided for in Article 4, paragraph 2-4. Based on Article 4, paragraph 5, three different “routes” are available to obtain a 1st-class Kenchikushi licence:1.	Route A: This process entails two steps: first, there is an individual assessment of the licensing system and curriculum followed by the applicant; and secondly, there is a written examination to confirm the applicant understands the Japanese legal system and building/architecture-related requirements. Only once the applicant passes this examination, will the Minister deem that the applicant possesses qualifications equal or superior to those of a local 1st-class Kenchikushi licence. 2.	Route B: This this route, the Minister consults with the Central Review Council and conducts an interview with the applicant but there is no written examination necessary. It is not clear when this route would be favored compared to the previous one which requires an examination. 3.	Route C: Lastly, there is a preferential route for APEC Architects based on existing mutual recognition agreements to which Japan is a party.  To note, Japan has bilateral treaties with Australia and New Zealand to recognize engineers' qualifactions, as part of the APEC Architect Project. For details please see: https://www.apecarchitects.org/member-economies/55/japan