OBS_VALUE: Under the Broadcasting Act, any person intending to conduct basic broadcasting operations must obtain approval from the Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications after proving that it is not:1. a person who does not have Japanese nationality; 2. a foreign government or its representative; 3. a foreign corporation or organisation; 4. a corporation or organisation, any specified officer of which is a person outlined in (1) to (3); or 5. a corporation or organisation in which 20 per cent or more of its voting rights are held by a person outlined in (1) to (3). For certain types of broadcasting, a basic broadcaster is not allowed to permit any person outlined in (1) to (3) above to indirectly hold 20 per cent or more of its voting rights through another Japanese entity (Indirect Foreign Ownership Disqualification). Further, a basic broadcaster that is a company that has issued listed shares may refuse to list or record the name and address of a shareholder in its shareholder registry if the transfer of its shares would result in a violation of the foreign ownership restrictions listed above. If a basic broadcaster falls under the Indirect Foreign Ownership Disqualification due to an increase of indirect control via another Japanese entity by the persons outlined in (1) to (3), such Japanese entity is deemed as not holding voting rights in the basic broadcaster to the extent of exceeding the limit.