Source: Khalid Abu-Ismail, Ali Abdel-Gadir and Heba El-Laithy (2011) Poverty and Inequality in Syria (1997-2007) Arab Development Challenges Report Background Paper 2011/15. (http://arabstates.undp.org/content/dam/rbas/doc/poverty/BG_15_Poverty%20and%20Inequality%20in%20Syria_FeB.pdf). Poverty line is absolute. Government estimate.